The present article deals with reported speech as an element of argumentation in the newspaper discourse of Great Britain viewed in the unity of its syntactic and semantic characteristics and argumentative functions. Theoretically, the research is based on the dialogic understanding of quotations, the dialogue theory by Bakhtin and contemporary argumentation theory. The proposed integral approach to reported speech combining linguistics with logic and argumentation theory revealed the relations between purely linguistic characteristics of reported speech with its functioning in argumentative (...) discourse of contemporary British press. (shrink)

Why, for a long time, was there no linguistic means to distinguish between the concepts experience and experiment in many European languages, such as Italian, French, and Russian? Was the Russian case influenced by French culture? This article addresses these issues. The most important finding of the study is that no idea of personal experience existed in Russian literature before the second half of the eighteenth century, and the word opyt was later borrowed from the scientific lexicon for expressing the (...) meaning of experience. This is the opposite of what happened in other European languages. This suggests that the concept of experiment is more basic in the Russian mentality. Experience grows from experiment but not vice versa. All these aspects of the semantic history of “experiment” and “experience” are illustrated with extensive textual citations found in the Russian National Corpus and in the electronic library of Institute of Russian Literature. (shrink)

Sometimes it is not easy to determine what constitutes the principal content of a given philosophical system. And by no means is it always possible to base oneself on the opinion of the very thinker in question. Thus, for example, there is Marx's valid comment, "What Spinoza believed to be the cornerstone of his system, and what actually constitutes that cornerstone, are two different things entirely." It is not always easy to find the "key" to the content of a system (...) in its history either, for the perception of ideas and the attitude to them bear the imprint of the given era and, as time passes, much changes in the way in which these ideas are understood. (shrink)

Interest in Slavophilism has undergone a notable resuscitation in recent decades in the Soviet literature. In the seventies and eighties, collections of works of some of the Slavophiles were published for the first time since the October Revolution. Books and articles on Slavophilism have appeared. Archival materials have been put into scholarly circulation, scholars find their attention being drawn to works of modern foreign authors on Slavophilism, and certain aspects of Slavophile views are often touched upon in current literary criticism. (...) We can agree with the conclusion drawn by I. A. Dudzinskaia in 1983 and shared by N. I. Tsimbaev, namely, that a review of the literature in the recent period "evidences a new stage in the study of Slavophilism." However, various aspects of Slavophilism have by no means been dealt with equally, and there are quite a number of disagreements among scholars in their assessments. (shrink)

This volume contains a selection of contributions to the workshop 'Linguistic realization of evidentiality in European languages', held at the 30th Annual ...

New prospects for mankind in searching for and developing new sources of energy, arms race, overcrowding and ecological crises present the human with a serious choice. The choice may relate to the further existence of people on Earth. In the context of most challenging political, economic and social crises, the tandem of natural and human sciences produces unexpected results, despite the crises accompanying these processes. This article presents a model of the society and a model of the human in the (...) systemic parametrical aspect. The human is considered as part of the “society” system. The research suggests applying the systems parametric method developed by Prof. A. Uyemov in the 1960s. Humanity creates increasingly frequent bifurcation conditions for human life. As an adaptive mechanism, the human has to develop survival strategies and well-being strategies. The paper presents some aspects of the adaptive mechanisms of the 21st century man. It also considers some threats arising out of environmental variability. Cyborgization is one of such threats. The research includes dual system modelling of the “society” system based on the complementarity principle. It shows that there are two definitions which have different concepts, structures and substrates but constitute the entirety of the object of interest. (shrink)

Dieser Band bietet eine Auswahl der Beiträge der Tagung "Modalität und Evidentialität", die vom 31. Mai bis 2. Juni 2010 an der Leibniz Universität Hannover stattfand, sowie weitere einschlägige Aufsätze. Die Tagung führte die Tradition der Treffen des Arbeitskreises "Modalität im Deutschen" fort und nahm mit dem Schwerpunkt "Modalität und Evidentialität" ein in der Linguistik aktuelles und intensiv diskutiertes Thema auf. Evidentialität, d.h. die sprachliche Kennzeichnung der Informationsquellen für Äußerungen, und Modalität sind eng verwandt, weshalb sich der Band intensiv mit (...) grundsätzlichen Fragen nach dem Verhältnis zwischen diesen beiden Kategorien befasst. Es wird gefragt, ob und wie die semantisch-funktionalen Domänen Modalität und Evidentialität und ihre Realisierungsformen im Deutschen (und in anderen Sprachen) voneinander zu unterscheiden sind und wie genau ihr Verhältnis zueinander am besten beschrieben werden kann. Über die Frage der kategoriellen Einordnung hinaus werden auch synchrone und diachrone Aspekte der Grammatikalisierung evidentieller und modaler Ausdrucksmittel sowie funktionale Differenzierungen in textsortenspezifischen und kontrastiven Blickwinkeln erörtert und so das Spektrum relevanter Probleme in diesem Feld bearbeitet. Die spezifischen Erkenntnisse zum Deutschen, die dieser Band bietet, sind bedeutsam für die germanistische sprachwissenschaftliche Forschung und auch für die Grammatikschreibung des Deutschen, die der Evidentialität bislang keine angemessene Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt hat. (shrink)

The paper deals with the problem of the social construction of the Self in socio-phenomenological perspective. I am trying to explore the idea, that the shortcomings of the so-called classical Self-models can be clearly explicit in the light of socio-phenomenological approach. Heuristic power of transcendentally phenomenological conception of the Ego and Alter Ego is examined as well as its further development in the framework of phenomenological tradition in the social sciences. Turning to postmodern tradition in the social thinking, I am (...) trying to argue, that significance of phenomenological approach to the problem of the social construction of the Self consists in the fact, that it mediates “classic” Self-theories in European social thinking and further developed radical forms of cognitive constructivism which paves the way to postmodern deconstruction. (shrink)

P. Ia. Chaadaev continues to attract the attention of researchers of Russian thought. Some recent publications in our press justify the assertion that scholars are interested not only in this or that side of the views of "the philosopher of Basmannaia Street" but also in the very character of his mentality and its place in the history of Russian philosophical thought. Thus, Viacheslav Vsevolodovich Ivanov writes in his article "Chaadaev-Our Contemporary" [Chaadaev-nash sovremennik] : "There are several reasons why Chaadaev is (...) not at home in Russia and in the history of Russian thought. One of them is his extreme rationalism and logical orientation. He is the follower of Western European rationalism, mainly, I think, of the French rationalist tradition. For him the chief achievement of civilization is the syllogism, the deduction of logical conclusions from some kind of premises and he takes history to be a unified whole." The same problem of Chaadaevan mentality is raised by P.V. Kuznetsov in his article "The Metaphysical Narcissus: P. Ia. Chaadaev and the Fate of Philosophy in Russia" [Metafizicheskii nartsiss. P. Ia. Chaadaev i sud'ba filosofii v Rossii] , which contrasts Chaadaev's thought with the Eastern "apophatic consciousness.". (shrink)

This article continues the line of research that combines the paradigm of Critical Discourse Analysis with quantitative methods. We propose that Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count, a software for automated text analysis widely used in social sciences, can enrich the CDA toolkit. The methodological advantage of LIWC is that its semantic categorization was developed and validated independently, which addresses the concerns about subjectivity. In two case studies we use LIWC to analyze the construction and representation of the ‘Other’ in mass (...) media. Study 1 focuses on the representation of Russia in The New York Times before and after its annexation of Crimea; Study 2 analyzes the change in sentiment toward Islam in NYT before and after 9/11. We find that in both cases the change in attitude is driven by an increase in negative emotion words rather than by a decrease in positive words. (shrink)

This article analyzes some recent developments in the system of public law in the Russian Federation, focusing in particular on changing patterns of litigation and increases in use of administrative law, linked to new acts of legislation. It argues that discussion of the Russian case provides a sociological perspective in which we can understand the importance of legal actions in hybrid polities. It explains that litigation in Russia, even where it may have counter-systemic outcomes, is partly incentivized by the government, (...) as promotion of access to law is seen as a means to formalize interactions between citizens and government and so to extend the societal penetration of the political system more generally. Litigation thus forms a mode of practice that, dialectically, possesses both inner- and counter-systemic status. In addition, the article argues that the case of Russia allows us to comprehend litigation as an element in processes of nation building and social integration more widely, and Russia illuminates the systemic significance of litigation in other societies. (shrink)

У статті розкрито роль фінансового моніторингу через аналіз основних показників діяльності центрального органу виконавчої влади в національній системі протидії легалізації коштів та фінансуванню тероризму - Державної служби фінансового моніторингу України.

Метою роботи є визначення особливостей вертепу на теренах Гуцульщини у XX–XXI столітті. Наукова новизна даного дослідження полягає у тому, що у порівняльній ретроспективі досліджено особливості вертепу на Гуцульщині. Зроблено висновок, що театральне мистецтво «Вертепу» є пізнішим елементом різдвяно-новорічних свят, і він позначений значним впливом християнської релігії. Встановлено, що на період ХХ – початку ХХІ ст. ці театралізовані дійства стали структурними частинами циклу зимових свят на Гуцульщині. Визначено, що вертеп трансформувався у напрямку переосмислення сучасних подій, однак основна ідея вертепу – це (...) перемога добра над злом, допомога Спасителя, залишилися підґрунтям для розробки та втілення сценарію. Методологія дослідження визначена метою статті, тому використані діалектичний, аналітичний, функціональний методи для з’ясування особливостей сучасного вертепу, його дійових осіб, сценаріїв; функціонально-інструментальний метод допоміг дослідити трансформації, які склалися у сучасному дійстві «вертеп». (shrink)

Characterizing the first- and third-person perspectives is essential to the study of consciousness, yet we lack a rigorous definition of or criteria for these two perspectives. Our intuitive understanding of how personal pronouns help to specify the perspectives gives rise to mutually exclusive notions of the first-person perspective. This contradiction thwarts our progress in studying consciousness. We can resolve the current ambiguity of the first-person perspective by introducing a new distinction between the first-person and third-person perspectives, based on two modes (...) of consciousness: reflective and non-reflective. The purpose of this paper is to explain this new proposal, to elucidate the grounds for it, and to briefly suggest benefits from its use. (shrink)

Islamic philosophy; Islamic thought; Greek philosophy.

al-juzʼ 1. al-Mushkilāt al-falsafīyah -- al-juzʼ 2. Taṭawwur manāhij al-ʻulūm.

This book attempts to gain a new insight into the world of Philosophy.

Dr. Mashbad Al-Allaf presents and interprets the ideas and philosophy of the major figures of Islamic philosophy.

У статті розглянуто питання особливостей глобалізаційного процесу на прикладі китайської традиційної культури. Зокрема автор зосереджує увагу на актуальному для сучасного філософського дискурсу питанні щодо способів поєднання нацією принципів культурної та соціальної традиційності зі світовими тенденціями постмодерного індустріального суспільства. Доводиться на прикладі китайської традиції, що на даному етапі розвитку Китаю вдається успішно застосовувати позитивні тенденції глобалізації у своїх національних інтересах, зокрема економічних, не втрачаючи при цьому культурної національної ідентичності. Автор обстоює думку, що ядром етнічної ідентичності китайців, їхньої несхожості на представників будь-яких (...) інших культур, стало конфуціанство, яке являє собою фундаментальне етико-соціальне вчення, що століттями формувало суспільні, культурні, моральні тощо цінності китайського етносу. Конфуціанська культура заснована на світському понятті «доброчесного мужа», носія головних моральних властивостей: справедливості і гуманності. Автор доходить висновку, що засадничим принципом глобальних процесів щодо китайської культури є опертя виключно на національні традиційні ментальні образи, які є навіки сталими, перманентними і непорушними. Стверджується, що сучасний стан інтеграційних та інноваційних процесів китайського суспільства має своєю передумовою активний пошук способів і шляхів розвитку соціокультурних інновацій на тлі економічної та культурної глобалізації, прагнення до модернізації та індустріалізації власної економіки та суспільства з метою розвитку його внутрішніх потреб, спираючись виключно на цінності традиційної культури. (shrink)

If Spinoza is a thinker very present in the Faculties of Philosophy, on the other hand, he is presented as one of the great forgotten of the humanist programs of secondary education. Contrary to what happened with other philosophers, who had more chance of spreading in non-specialized contexts (we can cite Nietzsche, Pascal, Plato or Schopenhauer as obvious examples), Spinoza is generally considered a excessively systematic author, and complex, whose works would have been written for a small group of scholars. (...) Nothing could be further from the truth. Spinoza’s life was full of completely surprising events, from his estrangement from the Jewish community (which repudiated him in a strict and disagreeable way), through his dalliances with heterodox currents which gradually grew in power, until his meeting with Leibniz and his intrepid travels. from one part of his native Holland to another. In this article, we examine the concept of desire in Spinoza's philosophy and its connection to the philosopher's decision to find the greater good. Since the greatest good, in turn, is nothing but its own enjoyment, we conclude that ignoring its existence, seeking it, and living it are, respectively, the conditions of the vulgar, the philosopher, and the wise, as what happened in the Garden of Epicurus. (shrink)

The article investigates the issue of determination of activity as a social phenomenon in the context of the archetypal-value approach and proposes a methodology for analyzing social phenomena based on it. In particular, the principles of traditional praxeological and innovative archetypal-value approaches to activity are compared and common and distinctive features in their methodology are singled out. It is believed that the archetypal-value approach is relevant for the analysis of socio-cultural activities, because it takes into account three projections in which (...) it is carried out: personal as subjective, transpersonal as objective and interpersonal as intersubjective. From the position of socio-philosophical analysis, the generalization of the procedural characteristics of activity as its conceptual foundations is carried out. The analysis of the level and quality of the influence of archetypes on the activity is made on the basis of interpretation of archetypes in their connection with the concepts of “value”, “image”, “pattern”, “symbol”. The functional deterministic influence of archetypes and values presented in them on orientation and coordination, stereotyping and standardization, integration and systematization as indispensable components of any kind of activity is characterized. (shrink)

The phenomenon of volunteer activity is actively studied by psychologists and sociologists from different countries. Despite the fact that the interpretation of volunteering has some distinctive features due to cultural differences, they do not contradict each other in general. The greatest interest is aroused by the motives and values of volunteers, the study of which has become significant in sociological and psychological research over the past decade. This article presents studies of the motives and values of Russian volunteers.

The Word's Body integrates depth psychology and linguistic philosophy to illuminate a metaphor of the creative process, specifically the performance of literature in public or private as 'the word becoming flesh.'.

Dans cet ouvrage, la philosophie de Rene Descartes nous apporte un discours nouveau sur le probleme relatif au rapport permanent entre la raison et la foi a partir de ses Meditations metaphysiques. Cette philosophie nous invite a nous questionner sur la necessite d un choix entre l engagement de croire et la liberte de savoir. Ce livre nous permet de mieux comprendre les enjeux d une telle problematique. Alla Marcellin Konin a partage l experience de plusieurs annees d enseignement (...) de la philosophie dans les Academies de Poitiers, de Nantes, de Caen et de Rouen en France. a l Universite de Poitiers et de Bordeaux 3, il a travaille sur la philosophie de la Nature et sur l Idealisme allemand. Mediateur dans les Organisations et Membre associe a MAPP (Metaphysique Allemande et Philosophie Pratique) de l Universite de Poitiers, il enseigne la philosophie a l Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny de Cocody. Il poursuit actuellement ses recherches en philosophie de l histoire, en metaphysique, en philosophie morale et politique. Alla Marcellin Konin a partage l experience de plusieurs annees d enseignement de la philosophie dans les Academies de Poitiers, de Nantes, de Caen et de Rouen en France. a l Universite de Poitiers et de Bordeaux 3, il a travaille sur la philosophie de la Nature et sur l Idealisme allemand. Mediateur dans les Organisations et Membre associe a MAPP (Metaphysique Allemande et Philosophie Pratique) de l Universite de Poitiers, il enseigne la philosophie a l Universite Felix Houphouet-Boigny de Cocody. Il poursuit actuellement ses recherches en philosophie de l histoire, en metaphysique, en philosophie morale et politique.". (shrink)